Resumo
Knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 DNA probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization (CDDH) technique.

Resumo
Esta pesquisa avaliou in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento de bráquetes ortodônticos fotopolimerizados com o arco de plasma, o diodo emissor de luz (LED) e a luz halógena convencional em diferentes tempos. Bráquetes foram colados em 60 pré-molares superiores humanos, divididos em cinco grupos. Nos grupos 1 e 2 utilizou-se a luz arco de plasma por três e seis segundos, respectivamente; nos grupos 3 e 4 utilizou-se o LED por cinco e dez segundos, respectivamente; no grupo 5 utilizou-se a luz halógena por 40 segundos. Os corpos de prova foram armazenados em água destilada em temperatura ambiente e, após 24 horas dos procedimentos de colagem, foram submetidos aos ensaios mecânicos na máquina universal MTS-Material Test System. Para a complementação dos resultados, também foi realizada a avaliação e a classificação do padrão de descolagem dos bráquetes utilizando o IAR. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA, seguida do teste SNK de Tukey para comparação múltipla de médias. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos 2, 4 e 5, as quais foram maiores que as médias dos grupos 1 e 3, iguais entre si. Os escores do IAR não mostraram diferenças quanto à interface de descolagem entre os três tipos de luz em todos os tempos testados. A luz arco de plasma e o LED podem ser utilizados por tempos reduzidos, dentro de certos limites, em relação à luz halógena na colagem de bráquetes ortodônticos, sem perda de resistência ao cisalhamento.

Resumo
Recent advances in materials and procedures have contributed to quality increase of lingual orthodontics, for example through indirect bonding (IDB) techniques, which have become more widely accepted and practiced by orthodontists (1). A major advantage of IDB is the high accuracy of bracket positioning that can be achieved (2, 3), which is essential for the success of lingual orthodontic therapy. Reducing chair time in lingual IDB techniques that use light curing (1, 4), could make this procedure more efficient. Thus, a shorter curing time for lingual brackets, with sufficient resistance, would represent a remarkable improvement in lingual IDB.

Resumo
Paresthesia of the lower lip is uncommon during orthodontic treatment. In the present case, paresthesia occurred during orthodontic leveling of an extruded mandibular left second molar. It was decided to remove this tooth from the appliance and allow it to relapse. A reanatomization was then performed by grinding. The causes and treatment options of this rare disorder are reviewed and discussed. The main cause of paresthesia during orthodontic treatment may be associated with contact between the dental roots and inferior alveolar nerve, which may be well observed on tomography scans. Treatment usually involves tooth movement in the opposite direction of the cause of the disorder. (Quintessence Int 2011;42:xxx–xxx)

Resumo
The purpose of this study was to differentiate the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects to better understand orthodontic treatment. We evaluated the treatment changes associated with the bionator and the removable headgear splint (RHS). Methods: The sample comprised 51 consecutively treated Class II patients from 1 office who had all been successfully treated with either a bionator (n
17) or an RHS appliance (n
17). Class II patients waiting to start treatment later served as controls (n
17). A modified version of the Johnston pitchfork analysis was used to quantify the dentoalveolar and skeletal contributions to the anteroposterior correction at the levels of the molars and the incisors. Results: Both appliances significantly improved anteroposterior molar relationships (2.15 mm for the bionator, 2.27 mm for the RHS), primarily by dentoalveolar modifications (1.49 and 2.36 mm for the bionator and the RHS, respectively), with greater maxillary molar distalization in the RHS group. Overjet relationships also improved significantly compared with the controls (3.11 and 2.12 mm for the bionator and the RHS, respectively), due primarily to retroclination of the maxillary incisors (2.2 and 2.38 mm for the bionator and the RHS, respectively). The differences between overall corrections and dentoalveolar modifications for both molar and overjet relationships were explained by skeletal responses, with the bionator group showing significantly greater anterior mandibular displacement than the RHS group. Conclusions: The bionator and the RHS effectively corrected the molar relationships and overjets of Class II patients primarily by dentoalveolar changes. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134:732-41)

Resumo
When anchorage control is critical and compliance is less than ideal, efficient treatment depends on differential tooth movements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distal tipping of partially retracted canines and the mesial movement of the molars. Methods: Eleven patients had their maxillary and mandibular canines partially retracted with TMA (Ormco Corp, Orange, Calif) T-loop springs with 45° gable bends distal to the loops preactivated for group A (maximum anchorage). Metallic bone markers served as references. The canines were retracted until enough space was available for alignment of the incisors without proclination. Oblique (45°) radiographs were taken immediately before the initial activation and after partial retraction. The radiographs were scanned, superimposed on the bone markers, and measured digitally. Results: The mandibular canine crowns were retracted (4.1
1.9 mm) and intruded (0.7
0.3 mm) by uncontrolled tipping. In contrast, the maxillary canine crowns were retracted (3.2
1.4 mm) by controlled tipping. The maxillary and mandibular molars crowns were protracted by similar amounts (1.0
0.6 and 1.2
1.2 mm, respectively) by controlled tipping, without significant extrusion. The molars were protracted approximately 0.3 mm for every 1 mm of canine retraction. Conclusions: The T-loop spring used in this investigation produced controlled tipping of the maxillary canines, but it did not produce controlled tipping of the mandibular canines or translation of the molar as expected. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135:182-9)

Resumo
The objective of this study was to analyze rates of canine movement over the first 2 months of continuous retraction, when rate changes are expected. Methods: Ten patients with bone markers placed in the maxilla and the mandible had their canines retracted over a 2-month period. Retraction was accomplished with beta-titanium alloy T-loop springs. Standardized 45 oblique cephalograms where taken initially and every 28 days thereafter. The radiographs were scanned and digitized twice (the average was used for the analyses). The radiographs were superimposed by using the bone markers and oriented on the functional occlusal plane. Paired t tests were used to compare side and jaw effects. Results: There were no significant differences between sides. The maxillary cusp was retracted 3.2 mm, with less movement during the first (1.1 mm) than during the second 4 weeks (2.1 mm). The maxillary apices did not move horizontally. There were no significant vertical movements in the cusps and apices of the maxillary canines. The mandibular cusp was retracted 3.8 mm—1.1 mm during the first and 2.7 mm during the second 4 weeks. The mandibular apices were protracted 1.1 mm. The cusps and apices were intruded 0.6 and 0.7 mm, respectively. The only difference between jaws was the greater protraction of the mandibular apices during the second 4 weeks and in overall movement. Conclusions: The rate of canine cusp retraction was greater during the second than the first 4 weeks. The mandibular canines were retracted by uncontrolled tipping whereas the maxillary canines were retracted by controlled tipping.

Resumo
A terapia ortodôntica com braquetes linguais tem sido procurada por pacientes adultos que optam pela estética durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Neste artigo está descrita a sequência clínica de tratamento ortodôntico lingual com o sistema Incognito™, braquetes linguais e arcos ortodônticos individualizados, produzidos com tecnologia CAD/CAM. Métodos: o caso clínico apresentado descreve o tratamento de um paciente adulto com padrão de crescimento mesofacial, portador de má oclusão Classe I, apresentando apinhamento inferior e diastemas interincisais superiores, tratado com braquetes linguais 100% individualizados. Resultados: ao final do tratamento, a relação molar de Classe I foi mantida, os espaços interincisais superiores foram fechados e o apinhamento inferior corrigido. Conclusão: o caso clínico apresentado demonstrou a eficiência do novo método de tratamento ortodôntico lingual.

Resumo
This study evaluates the changes in the force system of the beta-titanium T-loop spring (TLS) caused by stress relaxation. Methods: Ninety TLSs with dimensions of 6 3 10 mm, made of 0.017 3 0.025- in beta-titanium alloy and preactivated by concentrated bends, were randomly distributed into 9 groups according to the time point of evaluation. Group 1 was tested immediately after spring preactivation and stress relief by trial activation. The other 8 groups were tested after 24, 48, and 72 hours, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. By using a moment transducer coupled to a digital extensometer indicator adapted to a universal testing machine, the amounts of horizontal forces and moments and the moment-to-force ratios were recorded at every 0.5 mm of deactivation from 5 mm of the initial activation in an interbracket distance of 23 mm. Results: The horizontal forces and moments were higher (P\0.001) for group 1 compared with the other 8 groups, which were not different among themselves. All groups produced similar moment-to-force ratios (P 5 0.600), with no influence of time. Conclusions: The TLSs preactivated by concentrated bends had progressive load decreases over time, and this effect is critical in the first 24 hours. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:e85-e92)

Resumo
Ästhetische kieferorthopädische Apparaturen werden für immer mehr Patienten attraktiv. Es bestehen jedoch Bedenken in Bezug auf Extraktionslücken, die im Rahmen einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung über mehrere Monate bestehen bleiben. Dies veranlasste Kieferorthopäden zur Konstruktion provisorischer Brücken, um diese Extraktionslücken auszufüllen, die mit zunehmendem Lückenschluss abgeschliffen werden können. Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein einfaches, effizientes und rasches Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Klebebrücken.